Posts – Page 11 – Fall 2018 Art 1010 at Brooklyn College

Annotated Bibliography

This article talks about the differences between Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman artwork. This article presents the similarities and differences amongst the two.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/985469?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

This article talks about the differences between Ancient Greek and Ancient Egyptian artwork. This article elaborates on different techniques used during each time period.

https://artscolumbia.org/performing-arts/music/history-of-music-education-greek-roman-and-egyptian-30160/

This article compares Ancient Roman and Ancient Egyptian artwork. It weighs in on the different music, sculptures and paintings that were idolized during that time period.

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greek-art

This article weighs in on the significant pieces of art produced during the Ancient Greek time period. This article shows images of the most popular sculptures made during the time period and elaborates on the techniques used to produce this artwork.

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/ancient-mediterranean-ap/ancient-egypt-ap/a/egyptian-art

This article elaborates on the most popular art work produced during the Ancient Egyptian period of time. This article explains the importance of the ancient pyramids and the meaning behind the coffins.

Bibliography

Smarthistory- Pergamon altar;

This was about the Pergamon altar, where Athena and Zeus Fought together to take down 2 attackers. The reason I chose it for my project was because of the human emotions that gods and powerful beings show. It’s important because it significantly proves what I want to show with the project.

Met’s Timeline of Art History;

I chose the Met’s timeline of art history because it helps me organize my artwork. I can use it to add credibility if I show how the timeline of history changes over time. It was mainly about Egyptian gods and how they differ from Greek humanism.

Brooklyn Museum website;

I will use this site for insight on statues and representation of gods throughout time. It was mainly about a god named Serapis and how his existence is in correlation with both cultures.

Encyclopedia Britannica;

I will use this site to show how humans change overtime. This article was mostly about the effects of humanism on the world and how it sparked our scientific growth. This is useful because it help wraps up my theme on the difference between the Egyptians and Greeks.

Huffington post- 12 Gifts Ancient Greece Gave To The World;

I use this article because it shows how the Greeks affected our world today. I can get key information on specific effects that they have left us. This also adds credibility as I can point out important things in our society that have came into existence because of humanism.

Annotated Bibliography

Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, www.themodern.org/collection/conjoined/1241.

This art piece is called Conjoined and the artist is Roxy Paine. Conjoined is originally a piece from Roxy’s exhibit, ”Conjoined, Defunct and Erratic” in Madison Square Park. This piece interests me because it shows how nature was overtaken by steel, technology,. But, it somehow still looked like nature. I truly found that fascinating. Conjoined is now part of the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth.

Biennale. “Ludo.” Weltkulturerbe Völklinger Hütte, 2017, www.voelklinger-huette.org/en/world-cultural-heritage-site-voelklingen-ironworks/artist-projects/ludo/.

This piece is called Völklinger by Ludo. Ludo is a Paris artist who works his Street Art along the lines of science fiction kinds of visions, ones in which nature and technology develop paradoxical connections. Ludo finds formal parallels between technological and organic growth and positions these elements together along such interfaces. In this piece we see a tree with poisonous green wire roots. This piece is now a part of the World Cultural Heritage Cite.

Oksenhorn, Stewart. “Art for Existentialism’s Sake.” Aspen Times, 4 Aug. 2004, www.aspentimes.com/news/art-for-existentialisms-sake/.

This art piece is called Defunct and the artist is Roxy Paine. Defunct is originally a piece from Roxy’s exhibit, ”Conjoined, Defunct and Erratic” in Madison Square Park. Defunct now resides in Aspen Art Museum. Defunct is a stainless steel tree sculpture on the museum’s front lawn. Paine’s striking work seems to reflect the tension between nature and technology. The shiny, metallic tree doesn’t quite fit in with the surrounding aspens, but neither is it wholly out of place.

Rojo, Jaime. “Brooklyn Street Art.”Cutthroat Trout & “The Art Of Beeing” in Reno, Nevada, 18 Feb. 2014, www.brooklynstreetart.com/theblog/2014/02/18/ludo/.

This piece is called Enjoy the Violence by Ludo. This is the same Ludo I mentioned before. He takes the images of nature perverted by weaponry and the growing militarism of society. This piece is a rose with brass knuckles growing from it (in Ludo’s signature poison green).

Valic, Mojca. “Ludo – Amsterdam 2013 The Work of Paris Based Ludo, Often Called Nature’s Revenge, Connects the World of Plants and Animals with Our Tech… | Street Art | Pinterest | Street Art, Street Artists and Art.” Pinterest, Pinterest, www.pinterest.com/pin/391039180117449918/?lp=true.

This piece doesn’t have a name but it’s by Ludo. It was created in Amsterdam in 2013. It is a tree with bolts connecting it to a machine. Ludo in general interests me. All his artwork is amazing, but I’m especially attracted to the way he perceives natures interaction with modern technology.

Final project option 2

Expressionism is an art movement that seeks to express emotional experience through painting and other art forms. It originally started in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century and was mainly focused around poetry and painting, but eventually expanded. It’s characteristics are to distort and stylistically capture a subjective outlook on the outside world to evoke emotion on its viewers. This movement allowed each artist to have their own unique way to capture their emotions and emotional outlook of the world and of themselves. Some argue that the movement started

Even though Van Gogh is a part of the post-impressionism movement he is known for being the biggest influence of the 20th century expressionism movement. His use of color, texture, and composition were what drew plenty of artist into furthering their experimentation with art which would feed this movement in its early stages. Artist such as Edvard Munch, Chaim Soutine, and Léon Spilliaert. When you look at these artist work along with Van Gogh’s it is clear to see his influence on them without question.

Edvard Munch, the scream

From this lithograph of the famous painting you are able to see it’s very stylistic lines and even down to the over dramatic expression on the subject matter you can tell that the artist, though inspired by real life, wasn’t seeking to recreate the real life prospective of this see. They seeked to reflect the madness or fear that the subject was feeling. This similar line style has been at the fortune of some of Van highs most noted artworks such as the starry night.

Vincent Van Gogh, Wheat Field with Cypresses

Here you can see the expressive lines that Edvard Munch found influence from. They make the scenery more whimsical and adds a layer of emotion to it that the artist purposefully wanted he viewer to see.

Chaim soutine, Portrait of Madeleine Castaing

This painting uses its color pallet to bring out the personality of the subject and emotion of the piece rather than its line use or a combination of the two unlike Edvard Munch’s the scream. The deep blue give you a somber feeling while the burnt orange calms you. The color scheme brings balance to the emotions of the piece and adds to the facial expression of the subject. This similar use of color can be seen in Van Gogh’s “bedroom”.

Léon spiliaert, Self-Portrait

This painting also plays with the use of color. But instead of using complementary color scheme it relays mainly on the use of monochromatic colors. With hints of pure whites, pure blacks, and slight yellowing oranges. It also uses isolation of the subject and its facial expression to get across the emotion of the piece. It combines almost all of Van Goghs painting techniques minus the stylistic line work. This color scheme can be seen in plenty of Van Gogh’s work.

Vincent Van Gogh, La Berceuse (Woman Rocking a Cradle; Augustine-Alix Pellicot Roulin, 1851–1930)

In this piece Van Gogh uses a complementary color pallet and the use of facial expression to get across the emotion in this portrait. His piece can be used as an example of the influence and had on chaim soutine and léon spiliaert. As previously stated léon and Chaim both use their subjects facial expression, or lack there of, to convey emotion. While léon use a different color palate Chaim follows this same color scheme just with different complementary colors.

While all of these artist stem from different country’s and the works dates from 1895-1929 it is clear that Vincent Van Gogh’s influence touched all of these Expressionist painters. Through color, style, and even a little in subject matter.

Annotated Bibliography

3 Online Sources

Zucker, Steven and Beth Harris , directors. How to Recognize Baroque Art. Khan Academy, Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/beginners-guide-baroque1/v/how-to-recognize-baroque-art.

This video is specifically about how to recognize Baroque art. It gives specific art techniques that were used during the Baroque era in sculptures and paintings. Some being emotional intensity, dynamism, diagonals, involving, real, interrupted contours, movement and direct focus. The video first focuses on Italian/Catholic art but later goes on to show how to recognize the Baroque style in other European countries that were protestant. This relates back to my final project for it also compares Baroque art to that of Renaissance. This will help me create something that shows the differences between these two art eras.

Harris , Beth and Steven Zucker , directors. How to Recognize Italian Renaissance Art . Smarthistory, 2017, smarthistory.org/how-to-recognize-italian-renaissance-art/.

This video informs us about the different art through out the Renaissance. First speaking about art from the end of the previous era which was the late gothic. Later explaining the early renaissance and the introduction tempura egg yolk based paint, paintings were also began to be done on wood which meant it was portable meaning it could sold. With an emphasis on naturalism with landscape. The high renaissance showing a better understanding of the human body and sometimes having complex interrelated figures.

Ross, Nancy, director. Renaissance Art. Khan Academy, Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-history-basics/art-1010-ddp/v/renaissance-art-introduction.

This video talks about new things that came about during the Renaissance such as linear perspective, vanishing point which helped with creating depth in art. The creation of the dome in architecture was also introduced. It mentions Donatello’s David, artist like Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

2 Articles

maureen. “Difference Between Baroque Art and Renaissance.” DifferenceBetween.net. March 15, 2011 < http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/culture-miscellaneous/difference-between-baroque-art-and-renaissance/ >.

This article discusses the differences between Renaissance and Baroque art. Mentioning things like the concentration in depth and realism sometimes causing lack of emotion on Renaissance art. While Baroque art was more dramatic showing more emotion and movement.

Down, Lee. “Renaissance Art vs. Baroque Art: Understanding the Difference.” Art Artists Artwork, 2017, artsartistsartwork.com/renaissance-art-vs-baroque-art-understanding-the-difference/.

This article also discusses the differences in the art of both eras going more in depth about the linear strategy of the Renaissance and the pyramid shape which is most stable while baroque art uses diagonals. Highlighting the things I will be discussing in my project.

Final Project Annotated Bibliography

Reminder! My thesis statement is:

The focus in art shifted from Gods in Egyptian art to humans in Greek & Roman art.

The online sources/articles I will be using for my final paper include:

Ancient Egyptian art

Introduction to ancient Greek art

Introduction to ancient Roman art

The three online sources above offer introductions and the background history of Egyptian, Greek, & Roman art. They each influence the next chronologically especially the Greeks influenced the Romans. They are all useful because I include 3 works of art from each of these civilizations in my final paper.

https://www.ancient.eu/Egyptian_Art/

This article helps you appreciate and understand what Egyptian art is all about. Also, it talks about the type of Egyptian pieces of art seen at museums. I will use it in my paper to show the purpose and meaning of Egyptian art. Also, to show how it made an impact for future generations.

Gift Voucher Game 100K

This article discusses the history of classical art of the Greeks and Romans. I will use it to discuss how the Romans were influenced by the Greeks when it came to art. It’s because Greece was conquered by Rome. Also, it talks about what classical art is all about.

Annotated Bibliography

“Expressionism Movement, Artists and Major Works.” The Art Story, www.theartstory.org/movement-expressionism.htm.

The art story uses this online article to talk about the overall movement of expressionism. It begins by discussing the history of expressionism and its roots in Germany and how artist such as Vincent van Gogh influenced it. It then moves on to the key ideas of the movement such as the style that artist of the movement choose to use. It then finishes off with listing important art and artist of the movement which includes Edvard Munch.

“Art: Expressionism’s Father.” Time, Time Inc., 7 Feb. 1944, http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,791335,00.html

In this online article time magazine talks about the founder of expressionism and how it came about. The article focuses on Edvard Munch and how many people do know his contribution to the art world. They also speak about the Expressionist school of painting that he started in Germany.

“MoMA Learning.” Lee Bontecou. Untitled. 1959 | MoMA, www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/themes/expressionism/.

This online article starts by listing the stand out traits of expressionism and goes into describing the different types of art that was involved in the movement from 1905-1020 in Germany and Austria. It then proceeds to break down the goal of the expressionist movement and what it sought out to do in the art world. it continues to speak on how expressionist artist didn’t limit their art influence to just European art and goes on to talk about how they traveled the worlds and went to all sorts of fairs for inspiration.

Guggenheim, www.guggenheim.org/artwork/movement/expressionism.

This collection of Expressionism artwork owned or loaned to the Guggnheim museum allows for me to see the details and styles of different expressionist artist the articles have described. With a visual representation I get a better understanding of what expressionist art looks like.

Hatje Cantz. “Vincent Van Gogh and Expressionism.” Color Photography | Art Dictionary | Hatje Cantz, www.hatjecantz.de/vincent-van-gogh-and-expressionism-1759-1.html.

This article goes on and describes how Vincent van Gogh went on to inspire the expressionism movement. Detailing the fact that he was adored by plenty of German artist. It goes on to list german artist that he has been noted as a influencer to.

Unit 2 Summary: Greeks & Romans

In ancient Greece, humanism was a central focus in their art. Their focal point was creating statues that represent either human life or the human body. The Greeks did have a lot of their own gods portrayed in their statues, but they contrasted with Egyptians because when Egyptians would create their gods we saw a lot of unearthly features on them. With Greeks, they gave their gods human beauty and human bodies. It’s also noteworthy to point out that the stories of their gods contained many conflicts and woes, most of these problems resembled human problems, further deepening the similarities between them and humans physically, we would see reoccuring features of muscular tone bodies in men and a softness to the women. This type of time period in art was known as the Classical past. It is very distinguishable because of how many details were repeated. Essentially, this is the time period where the gap between the divine and humans start to close.

We come into a new time in ancient Greek art when Hellenism begins. Unlike classical art, Hellenism prioritized different things. There was a bigger scope and they no longer focused on the youthful male or the beautiful soft woman. Instead, we see a focus on everyday life, ethnicity, and genders. For example, we have the “Seated Boxer” that was made in 100-50 BCE and is made out of bronze and this is a perfect example of hellenistic art. He is an older man and wasn’t as beautiful as a Classical past statue would be. We see a sense of humility. We see wounds carved into his face, and we see this statue stray away from the heroism we saw in the classical age. What made him apart of the Hellenism era was his imperfectness.

We see another different era start when the Romans invade Greece. This is known as Verism. The republican Romans introduced this, and we started to see a more accurate representation of humans. Their features were very distinguishable, and this meant that along with straying away from legendary and heroic art we were also straying away from beauty. These types of statues were no longer flattering and were just ten times more realistic. There is also a shift in poses that we can see a huge difference in if you look at classical art and verism. We saw a lot on contrapposto in classical art and it looked very fragile and soft but going into Republican Rome we see the body lanaguage of speechmaking become popular. The figure would look as if he would be walking forwards with his arm in the air. These three eras have such sharp dichotomies, and it’s very impressive.

Out of all three of these eras I feel as though classical past was the most beautiful. Of course, it was most the animated of the three but I think the details and the beauty is just unmatched. These eras are also extremely impressive. Although this is ancient times, it is incredible how advanced the greeks and Romans were. As time passed, so did their values and those changing values were reflected in their art. I look at as their own form of record keeping. Looking at their art is interesting but learning about it all is extremely impressive.

Bibliography for Final Project.

Aciman, Alexander.“Recapping Dante: Canto 33, or History’s Vaguest Cannibal.”
The Paris Review, Alexander Aciman ,

23 June 2014,

www.theparisreview.org/blog/2014/06/23/recapping-dante-canto-33-or-historys-vaguest-cannibal/.

When you first look at “Ugolino and His Sons” you can already notice that agony is the emotion expressed in this statue.You see it by the facial features and the body language. Reading the story behind it, made me even more impressed with the way Jean-Baptise Carpeaux captured the emotions of Ugolino and his sons according to their story accurately. Count Ugolino was punished for betraying his city, Pisa, by giving away fortresses to another town. He was locked up in a tower with his sons, when mealtime came, he realized that the doors were being nailed shut, and he also realized him and his sons were going to starve to death. He saw his children suffer from starvation and started to chew on his own fingers. By the time his children were dead, Ugolino was already driven by madness from starvation and started to eat the prisoner that was also there. The story told in this article, for me, further emphasizes how a story with so much tragedy can be depicted in a single work of art. It carries the emotion of it all and that’s why I chose the statue for my project.
Dr. Steven Zucker and Dr. Beth Harris,
“Giotto, Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel (part 3 of 4),”

in Smarthistory, December 10, 2015, accessed December 6, 2018,

In this video, Dr. Steven Zucker and Dr. Beth Harris are in the Arena Chapel in Italy, and one of the paintings that they talk about is the Lamentation painted by Giotto. At first glance, without knowing any context, we see there is a lot of sadness because of the death christ. We see the expressions everyone is wearing and there is a lot of dark and dull colors which adds on to the mood that the painting is giving off. As Dr. Zucker and Dr. Harris begin to talk about the symbolism and the meanings in this painting, the emotion one sees and feels begins to intensify because of the powerful meaning behind the symbolism. One of the things that I felt was extremely powerful was the mention of the tree on the top right. The doctors explain that it might look dead but bring up the fact that it also maybe winters, and it will come to life again when spring comes. They mention that this may also be an analogy to Christ and his eventual resurrection. Another thing that I thought was powerful was the mention of the position Mary, was in. Her knee is propped up holding her deads sons body, she is bending forward, her body is twisted, her arms are also holding him up, and her face expression is of pure sorrow. The doctors conclude that it‘s almost like she is trying to wake him up and is in complete shock of his death and of the way it happened. Once you get context of these things, it brings on a whole new wave of emotion. It‘s very effective.
Farago, Jason.“The African Toll of the Great War, in Song and Shadows.”
The New York Times, The New York Times, 6 Dec. 2018,

www.nytimes.com/2018/12/06/arts/design/william-kentridge-park-avenue-armory.html?rref=collection%2Ftimestopic%2FArt∾tion=click&contentCollection=timestopics®ion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=10&pgtype=collection.

I wanted to include this because my project has a lot of statue work and paintings. “The Head and the Load,” is a play all about the fallen African soldiers that aren’t commemorated the way European soldier are commemorated. Farago writes, “The Head and the Load,” evokes these porters’ crushing, fatal labor in a long grief-stricken procession, backed by a plangent elegy from the marvelous Guinean singer and kora player N’Faly Kouyaté. The troupe marches one by one in front of Mr. Kentridge’s mucky charcoal animations, carrying cutout placards of flags, boats, gramophones and planes, as well as portrait busts of African intellectuals and an effigy of Raoul Hausmann’s “Mechanical Head,” a Dada artifact of 1919. Their real shadows intermingle with projected ones, creating an infinite funerary march of porters and matériel,” I chose this article because it shows another form of art that is useful in portraying emotion in the story it is telling. It doesn’t all have to a still-life work of art to be empathetic. Dialogue, costumes, and music can also be effective.
Hyman, Erin Williams.
“Crouching Woman, Hidden Story: Erin Hyman on Kiki Smith’s Lilith.”

Open Space, 18 Sept. 2013,

openspace.sfmoma.org/2013/09/beyond-belief-erin-hyman/.

“Lilith” is one of my favorite sculptures of all time. She breaks boundaries, and I just love her unique story. Upon looking at this, someone can easily get spooked out. Everything about her is just weird and eerie, the position she is in, the roughness of her body, and lastly, the most terrifying thing about her, is her eyes. Her eyes are the only light colored part of her body and they are made of glass which makes her even more scarier because it’s almost as if she is staring right at you. Although you are creeped out, you also can’t help but feel curiosity. Before Eve was created from Adam’s rib, God had created man and women from dust. That women being Lilith, because both of them were made from dust, Lilith saw herself as Adam’s equal and did not want to be submissive to him. She fled Eden and wandered the earth punishing men and stealing babies. This is impressive because we see a break from the type of woman we usually see in art. We usually see some sort of fragility and softness in their face or in their pose in but here we the exact opposite. We see her body parts covered by her pose, we see the unevenness on her, and we she is just unearthly in every way. Hyman writes, “The sculpture of Lilith, like the morphing stories that have evolved around her name, remains wild, suspended, resisting any attempt to pin her down,” This fits to my theme because it is representing emotion and a story, but in a different way. It represents femininity in its genesis and firmness. Everything about “Lilith” is amazing.
Olere, David.

“Gassing.”

A Teachers Guide to the Holocaust,

fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery2/D54.htm.

This painting is very hard to look at and to take in. Unfortunately, this painting does depict a reality. This shows Jews in a gas chamber in their final moments. Art is filled with a lot of mythology, but it is also filled with a lot of heartbreaking truths. Art is unfiltered and unapologetic and although it is horrifying, it is important for pieces like this to exist, because things like this cannot be forgotten. The extermination of six-million Jews was one of the most atrocious things that has happened in history and one of the most disturbing things about the Holocaust was the fact that many people were aware about these killings but nothing was done for a while. In the painting, we see the ghostly figures of Jews who actually looked like that because of the extreme starvation they were put through, we see them all crammed up, we see woman and babies included, and their faces of absolute agony. In the bottom right corner, we also see a can that says Zyklon B with the Star of David right next to it as if it was carved on the floor. Nazi’s would cram so many Jews in a small chamber and poor the murderous gas inside. This is another perfect example of a painting that creates such heartbreaking emotion and makes you empathize along with it.

MET Visit

My experience going to the MET was very interesting and tiring. I decided to go on a Friday night after work since it was the only time I could go. The MET is an hour and half from where I work and on a Friday night the MTA is horrible. One of my best friends decided to go with me, but she was coming home from college. We met up at the city and she had a small luggage, she was tired and cold. I had a long day at work, but was really looking forward to spend time with my best friend at the museum, she was just as excited. When we got off the train station we had to walk and got lost, finally some lady helped us and we got there. We were excited to get there, but as soon as we tried entering they told my friend she could not come in with her small luggage. We did not know what to do because her parents house was in Staten Island and she had no where to leave her luggage. She told me to go in and she would wait outside, and even though that was so nice of her I felt extremely bad since it was freezing.

I went in and had to make my visit short because my friend was waiting for me outside. As soon as I went in I saw many statues like the one we had talked about in class. It was amazing having them so close and I actually enjoyed walking around by myself, even though I felt bad. I tried to see as many things as I could in the hour I had before they closed.

The one painting that called my attention was Judith with the Hand of Holofernes. In this painting the women is mostly painted with an orange oil color. However she is described as “dress to killed”. The colors in this painting are darkish and the black background makes the light skin color of this women stand out.

The same of this painting is, The rape of Tamar. In this painting Tamar was raped by her half-brother. It completely differs from the other painting because of the message being illustrated. In this painting Tamar is the victim and is portrayed as weak. However in the other painting the women is painted with confidence. The color in this painting are much more brighter.

Overall going to the MET was great. I just wish I would’ve been there longer.