-The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/459007.

    The painting made by Lorenzo Monaco between 1406-1410, “The Nativity” is described in an audio guide. This is a summary of it. There are 3 main figures in the painting. The Christ child is the center of attention, the virgin that is kneeling to the left adoring the Christ child she came birth to while the sun is above her head, and saint Joseph in the right looking up to the vision of the angel announcing to the Shepherd in the up right corner. Behind the Christ child is an Ox and a Donkey looking down on it.

 

–Harris, Beth and Zucker, Steven. Workshop of Campin, Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altarpiece). YouTube, commentary by Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker. 4 Feb. 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1X0Lj7YEMs&t=607s

    This video looks at the Merode Altarpiece and analyzes the religious symbolism and how it has is such an important biblical event to remember for Christian followers.

 

–Harris, Beth and Zucker, Steven. Van Eyck, Altarpiece (1 of 2). YouTube, commentary by Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker. 4 Nov. 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udgNvPpDb2I

    This video analyzes the closed position of the large altarpiece and describes the multiple elements like the annunciation and the donors and statues.

 

–Harris, Beth and Zucker, Steven. Van Eyck, Altarpiece (1 of 2). YouTube, commentary by Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker. 10 Nov. 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVhwinCiELI

    This video looks at the opened position where it analyzes the story of the painting where God and Jesus Christ sacrifices so much to mankind despite their imperfections.

Dr. Beth Gersh-Nesic, “A beginner’s guide to Realism,” in Smarthistory, August 9, 2015, accessed December 5, 2018, https://smarthistory.org/a-beginners-guide-to-realism/.

This online source talks about how realism came to be. The modern era began and people believed that art should also become modernized. Modern life is about social mixing and social mobility and people believed that art should reflect this. This all began in Paris. A man named Gustave Courbet came to Paris and met with Baudelaire and other progressive thinkers and declared himself as the leader of a new art movement called realism. He said that realism should be about the history of real life and that it should have a social consciousness.

Finocchio, Ross. “Nineteenth-Century French Realism.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rlsm/hd_rlsm.htm (October 2004)

This online source talks about the realist movement in France. The movement flourished in the 1860s and continued to the late 19th century. The purpose of the realist movement was to convey a truthful and objective vision of contemporary life. Realism rose in the outcome of the Revolution of 1848 that toppled the government of Louis-Philippe and created amid the time of the Second Empire under Napoleon III. As French society battled for vote based change, the realists democratized workmanship by portraying current subjects drawn from the regular daily existences of the common laborers. Rejecting the ideas of neoclassicism and romanticism, realism is based on observation of the modern world.

Rabinow, Rebecca. “Édouard Manet (1832–1883).” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mane/hd_mane.htm (October 2004)

This online source talks about one of the most famous artists during the realism movement. Eduard Manet has contributed a lot to the realism movement and went through a lot of criticism to become a well-known artist. Manet’s work was rejected many times and when the public saw his paintings, they were shocked and attacked Manet. One of his most famous works, Olympia, also received a lot of criticism. It took about seventy years for one of his works to be presented at the Louvre. To this day, Manet is still considered by many art historians to be the father of modernism.

Ed. Donna Campbell. “Realism (late 1800s-early 1900s).” Scholastic.com. Web. 06 Dec. 2018. http://www.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=3753924

This article talks about realism in both literature and art. Realism was created as a reaction against romanticism. Pretty much every work of writing has some level of realism. This is on the grounds that it is critical for perusers to perceive and relate to the characters and the world they occupy. In any case, realism as an unmistakable style and scholarly development go back to France in the mid-1800s. The realist movement in art started in France amid the 1800s. The realists needed to split far from the formal masterful styles and subjects of the past. Their works normally depicted standard, or average workers, individuals, instead of chivalrous, notable, scriptural, or illustrious figures. They additionally delineated scenes of customary life, for example, country scenes with agriculturists grouping bulls or gathering grain. The realists looked to respect what they felt was the honorable poise of humble individuals having basic existences.

Griffin, Randall. “A Movement in a Moment: American Realism | Art | Agenda.” Phaidon. Web. 06 Dec. 2018. https://www.phaidon.com/agenda/art/articles/2017/february/23/a-movement-in-a-moment-american-realism/

This article talks about an artist named Winslow Homer and how he applied realism to his subjects in the US. He developed a style called American Realism. Some people did not like Homer’s art and criticized it for being too simple. However, Homer’s work inspired other American artists to also use realism in their artwork. Realism began to get more popular in America.

Bibliography attached as a word document:

“Jean-Michel Basquiat, Hollywood Africans, 1983.” Hopper Drawing | Whitney Museum of American Art, whitney.org/WatchAndListen/1326.

 

The Whitney’s website offers a high resolution picture of the painting along with a recording of Thelma Golden, Director and Chief Curator, explaining the origins of the painting. She explains that Basquiat painted this after he took a trip to California with a few other artists. She says that it was Hollywood’s racist portrayals of African Americans, such as in the film “Tarzan” that inspired this painting. This supports my thesis as it elaborates on Basquiat’s of American culture, both the racism that existed behind it, and the power structure dynamics of Hollywood.

 

Laing, Olivia. “Race, Power, Money – the Art of Jean-Michel Basquiat.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 8 Sept. 2017, www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/sep/08/race-power-money-the-art-of-jean-michel-basquiat.

 

This article chronicles Basquiat’s life and origins as an artist. It explains he first started as a graffiti and street artist, directly relating to my thesis. Then it discusses the themes present in Basquiat’s work, such as racism and hierarchies in America. The article then discusses the artist’s rise in the art world and his eventual relationship with Andy Warhol, again relating directly to my thesis.

Teeman, Tim. “The Whitney Museum’s Andy Warhol Show Is More Than His Greatest Hits.” The Daily Beast, The Daily Beast Company, 7 Nov. 2018, www.thedailybeast.com/the-whitney-museums-andy-warhol-show-is-more-than-his-greatest-hits?ref=scroll.

 

This article discusses the new Warhol exhibit at the Whitney and chronicles the artists life. It writes of the themes present in Warhol’s work, such as advertisements, hero culture, celebrity culture, all relating to my thesis. The article writes of Warhol’s collaborations with Jean-Michel Basquiat, which is in direct relation to my thesis.

 

“Warhol and Basquiat: The Art World’s Most Notorious Bromance.” Sleek Mag, www.sleek-mag.com/article/warhol-basquiat-bromance/.

 

This article focuses on the relationship that existed between Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat. It traces the artists relationship from the highly notarized moment when the two first met when Warhol was out to lunch and Basquiat sold him a few postcards, took their picture together, and would paint the photo immediately after it was taken. When he completed the painting he gifted it to Warhol who was impressed by Basquiat’s work and their friendship began. The article stays with the artist’s relationship to the end, when Warhol dies and Basquiat is devastated by the loss. This article relates to my thesis as it gives me a clearer understanding about the two artists featured in my thesis.

 

Warhol, Andy. “Andy Warhol Marilyn Monroe 1967.” Lee Bontecou. Untitled. 1959 | MoMA, www.moma.org/collection/works/61240.

 

The museum’s website offers a high resolution photo of the painting along with a brief explanation of Warhol’s history and process for how he made the painting. Since this painting focuses on Warhol’s exploration of celebrity culture it directly relates to my thesis. The website also quotes Warhol about his multiple prints of celebrities, “The more you look at the exact same thing, the more the meaning goes away, and the better and emptier you feel.” Again highlighting  Warhol’s themes present in his art that create a unique American identity.